Likewise, the flexural load of RC beams declines with an increased percentage of untreated WRTA. Furthermore, concrete shrinkage increases with the increasing content of untreated WRTA in the mix. The experimental outcomes reveal that as the percentage of untreated WRTA increases, the slump, dry density, and mechanical strength decrease. Within this context, this study examines the mechanical strength, shrinkage, and flexural performance of reinforced concrete (RC) beams made with seven replacement percentages (0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, and 50% by volume) of CBA by WRTA treated with H2O, NaOH, and bleaching powder (BP) for 2 h and 72 h. However, to the best of the authors' knowledge, no research has investigated the performance of clay brick aggregate (CBA) concrete by replacing the CBA with bleached powder-treated waste rubber tire aggregate (WRTA) at different treatment times. Several researchers have attempted to use tires as aggregate with and without chemical treatment. The disposal of waste end-of-life vehicle tires has become a major environmental issue around the globe, as it is not completely biodegradable and can be a massive threat to the environment. This review study redounds comprehensive insights, a valuable source of references, and major opportunities for researchers and practitioners interested in not only ELT material flow but also the whole waste management area.
A total of 151 peer-reviewed studies published in the journals between 2010–2020 are collected, analyzed, categorized, and critically reviewed. It aims to present an extensive content analysis overview of state-of-the-art research, provide its critical analysis, highlight major gaps, and propose the most significant research directions. This study presents the first critical review of the whole ELT management area. Unfortunately, a comprehensive review of the ELT management area is still missing. Over the last decade, ELT management has attracted many researchers and practitioners. Besides, sound ELT management has vital importance for circular economy and sustainable development. As a result, ELTs should not only be regarded as waste but also as a source of environmentally friendly materials. Significant advancements have been made in ELT management in the last few years. End-of-life tire (ELT) waste flow is an important environmental problem worldwide since it produces severe air, water, and soil pollution issues. Environmental and social awareness are the key elements of the sustainable tire industry.
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